Month: January 2022

GoPro Hero 9 Black

Waterproof action camera with front LCD and touch rear screen, 5K Ultra HD video, 20MP photos, and great stabilisation. There are endless things you can do with this small camera, it has a true crossover appeal for videography.

Smartphones can capture photos and videos in just about any situation, but GoPro is just one game ahead. GoPro has plenty of upsides. I liked the feature that with a single click you can start recording and I also like the feature that you don’t have to tweak hundreds of settings. GoPro 9 has an improvement that I really like, the horizontal levelling.

The video and photo qualities are good but not excellent. It produces everything within the frame to be in focus for a clean visual. Panning the camera around is smoother. It has a downside in terms of quality when it comes to low light situations.

It has a rugged ability to withstand harsh conditions. Put it on a pole and hold it outside a moving car. Take it down into the water to record under the water. Leave it overnight outside to make a time-lapse of the stars.

The folding-in/folding-out finger mount is really useful. It was introduced with GoPro 8. With the foldable mount, an external case for mounting is no longer required. Hence making the camera minimal in size.

I don’t do sports-action videography but I use GoPro a lot when travelling. Mount it on a clip and let it hang on your bag while you are passing the airport. Record a take-off. Then for running or hiking. There are no moving parts, so there’s nothing to be worried about. I even used GoPro to record my presentation at university!

Note: Upgraded to GoPro Hero 10 Black (August 2022), solely because it can record 5.3K at 60 fps and 4K at 120 fps.

Videography

GoPro is well known for its recording ability. One can choose to record at a bitrate of 100Mb, which means more details for editing.

HYPERSMOOTH
A new HyperSmooth 3.0 digital image stabilization with in-camera horizon levelling lets you produce even smoother, more stable videos without a gimbal.

HORIZON LEVELLING
What really sells for this GoPro is the Horizon Levelling. This was the main reason that I upgraded from GP8 to GP9. Walk around and hold it without a gimbal, the outcome is still levelled. However, the maximum tilting is up to 27?.

VIDEO RESOLUTIONS
It captures up to 5K up to 30 fps and maintains high detail even when zooming in. This is one of the two main reasons why I upgraded. (It still captures 4K at 60 fps, similar to GoPro 8).

TIME WARP FEATURE 3.0
Record time-lapse scenes as you walk or drive. Quite a cool feature. I used this recording when in moving vehicles as the effect looks much cooler. TimeWarp 3.0 condenses time. With features like Speed Ramp, you can select Real Speed or Half-Speed while recording is ongoing along with the audio.

Limitation

The stabilisation does not work well at night (or in low-light situations). The snapshots are coming out jerky.

Photography

Use SuperPhoto option to automatically pre-process photos right from the camera to get the best shot. However, I am not a big fan of GoPro’s photos as the output can be too punchy. I use the RAW output function that only has the Wide lens option. I chose the GoPro colour so the JPEG version will be pre-edited by GoPro and if I choose to edit, then I will do so on the RAW files.

My Setup

The reason that I upgraded from GoPro 7 was that I dislike the fish-eye effect when recording in 4K, I very rarely shot in wide. I prefer the linear mode and it is only in 2.7K resolution.

Video
ISO Min: 100
ISO Max: 200
Sharpness: Medium

  • Ulanzi VIJIM VL 30 5600K CRI95+ (340 lux at 0.5m) 750 mAh.
  • Swivel clamp/clip holder mount kit.
  • Surf bite mouth braces mount kit.
  • Suction cup mount kit.
  • Tempered glass protector for front and back screens.
  • Mini storage protection case (it can be used to protect the GoPro without the need to unmount from the tripod)
I replaced (use interchangeably) the battery door with Ulanzi G9 that has a hole to allow access to the USB port without opening the battery door. It also has a cold-shoe mount adapter for fill light.
I removed the original finger mount (left: original, right: replacement) with one that has a ?-inch screw mount adapter (dual mount). So I can use one mini tripod for Sony ZV-1 and GoPro 9.

Technical Information

Focal length: 3mm (At crop factor of 5.62 = 16.86 mm)
Aperture: f/2.8 (At crop factor of 5.62 = f/15.8)
The angle of view: 5K 16:9, Linear + Horizon Levelling 27º 1https://community.gopro.com/t5/en/HERO9-Black-Digital-Lenses-FOV-Information/ta-p/1023549
Minimum focus distance: 30 cm
Dimensions (W × H × D): 71 × 55 × 33.6 mm
Weight: 158 g

Sensor type: 1/2.3″ (6.17 × 4.55 mm)
Sensor resolution: Sony IMX677, effective at 23.6MP but only utilises 20 MP for JPEG stills. It produces 23MP for RAW.
Native ISO: 100 – 6,400
Battery: 1,729 mAh
Released date: September 18, 2020

Field-of-view (FOV) 2https://projectgo.pro/gopro-field-of-view/
SuperView: 16mm
Wide: 16mm – 34mm
Linear: 19mm – 39mm
Narrow: 27mm

Other Interesting Features

It has plenty of interesting features, but I haven’t used them.

  • Scheduled recording.
  • Front-facing screen (which can be disabled).

Panning Test

Sony ZV-1

A highly versatile, pocket-sized compact point-and-shoot camera designed for personal photography, boasting impressive 4K video capabilities. An ideal choice as a secondary camera, nearing perfection in performance.

September 2022 Update: While there is a slight delay in powering on/off and occasional focus issues at 70mm, this camera proves exceptionally practical in compact environments such as trains or planes. Its petite size makes it an excellent companion for outings to restaurants or dinner invitations.

January 2023 Update: I got the α7 IV towards the end of July 2023. I began to explore the 10-bit video bitrate, which I discovered to be much more satisfying when editing in Final Cut Pro. The bokeh effect looks more pleasing too. Then on, I spent less time with ZV-1 and haven’t used it at all since September 2023.

Since March 2, 2021, this camera has been a constant companion, capturing the vibrant blossoms of spring and accompanying me through the summer of 2021. It was with me through Copenhagen Airport, spent a month in Ibiza, and even had a day in Mallorca.

The ZV-1 stands as a unique hybrid, bridging the gap between conventional and mirrorless cameras. It carves its niche, delivering results surpassing smartphones and approaching the quality of pricier mirrorless counterparts. Compact yet feature-rich, it effortlessly blends advanced capabilities from both realms, easily slipping into the pocket of a winter jacket.

Impressive photo quality, especially with its RAW shooting capability, and clean low-light video performance characterise this camera. Its solid and rugged build makes it an ideal daily companion, always ready in my pocket.

Note: When referencing a second camera here, it denotes a backup body that seamlessly alternates with the primary without requiring extensive settings or additional peripherals, all while delivering photo and video results that closely rival those of the primary camera.

Photography

A compact camera tailor-made for holidays, this device discreetly blends into public spaces, ensuring you won’t draw undue attention while capturing moments. Perfect for unobtrusive shots of food or group gatherings in bustling environments, it excels in maintaining a low profile. Moreover, its effectiveness extends to confined spaces, making it an ideal gadget.

Cala Comte, Ibiza, Spain.
Sony ZV-1, 24mm ISO 125 f/2.0 1/1000 sec.

It has a good close up too, at 5 cm. Quite useful to get a closer shot of flowers, foods or products.

A close-up on an active bee.
Sony ZV-1, 24mm ISO 125 f/2.5 1/640 sec.

I’ve taken numerous photos with the Sony ZV-1 and observed that when employing auto white balance, it delivers more visually appealing colours for sunsets compared to the Sony ɑ7R III. While the ɑ7R III’s output can be enhanced through post-processing, the ZV-1’s straight-out-of-the-camera results are notably quick and pleasing.

Sony ZV-1 (minor adjustment in Lightroom)
24mm ISO 125 f/2.0 1/2500 sec.

Sony A7R iii (minor adjustment in Lightroom)
49mm ISO 100 f/7.1 1/400 sec.

Videography

In contrast to the GoPro, the maximum frame speed of the ZV-1 is limited to 25 fps (PAL standard), while the GoPro Hero 9 boasts 60 fps (4K) or 30 fps (5K). While I seldom slow down my videos, a higher frame rate can be beneficial in reducing motion blur. The ZV-1 compensates for this limitation by delivering sharper and crisper video output than the GoPro, with a significantly more pleasing colour rendition.

This camera records UHD 4K videos at a robust 100 Mb/s bitrate (BUT ONLY 8-bit), utilising full pixel readout without pixel binning (where pixels are grouped together). The 1.7x oversampling enhances clarity, resulting in higher resolution and mitigating issues like moiré and jaggies. Employing Sony’s proprietary XAVC S codec, equivalent to H.265.

While equipped with Active SteadyShot, it doesn’t match the effectiveness of GoPro’s Hypersmooth technology combined with horizontal levelling. The slight jerkiness during handheld recording is present but not overly distracting, making the video still enjoyable. Utilising Active SteadyShot kicks the camera to 1.12 crop factor effectively turning 24mm to 27mm.

Two screenshots from two 4K videos were taken using GoPro Hero 8 (left) and Sony ZV-1 (right) from inside a car while it was moving. Personally, ZV-1 is sharper, has less artefact and also with better colour.

Cons

This camera utilises micro-USB (USB 2.0) for charging, a feature that could have been better if it was USB-C.

In comparison to the GoPro’s convenient QuikCapture feature, which swiftly powers on and initiates recording with a single button press, the Sony ZV-1 has a delay in powering up, especially if it has not been used for some time. Additionally, it takes a noticeable amount of time to power off and retract the lens.

A single battery proves insufficient for sporadic recording, depleting in less than an hour. During a 12-hour trip to Mallorca in August 2021, where I relied solely on this camera and a GoPro 8, exploring the island and capturing continuous photos and videos, the ZV-1 required recharging at least twice.

While attempting to gather facial images for an experiment for my study using this camera, I noticed the output lacked the same level of detail and sharpness as the ɑ7R III. Images appeared blurry and lacked the crispness that the ɑ7R III effortlessly achieves.

Prognosis

While this camera excels in capturing everyday moments and proves ideal for holiday snapshots, it falls short of replacing the ɑ7R III for superior and detailed photos. It serves as my go-to option when a quick snap is needed, offering convenience and efficiency. Despite the ɑ7R III’s superior quality in recording, the ZV-1 takes the lead as my primary recorder, thanks to its lightweight design.

Technical Information

Focal length: 9.4mm to 25.7mm (35mm-equivalent focal length: 24mm to 70mm)
Optical zoom: 2.7x
Maximum aperture: f/1.8 to f/2.8
Minimum aperture: f/11
The angle of view: 84º (24mm) to 34º (70mm)
Minimum focus distance: 5 cm (wide) to 30 cm (telephoto)
Dimensions (W × H × D): 105.5 × 60 × 43.5 mm
Weight: 294 g

Sensor type: 1″ Exmor RS CMOS (13.2 × 8.8 mm)
Sensor resolution: 20.1 megapixels (5,472 × 3,648)
Native ISO: 125 – 12,800
Lens: ZEISS® Vario-Sonnar T✻
Battery: NP-BX1 (1,240 mAh)
Released date: May 26, 2020

Featuring a versatile flip-out, tilt-around, and side-articulating touch LCD screen, this camera proves invaluable for capturing selfies and exploring creative low-angle compositions. Additionally, its Wi-Fi capability facilitates seamless file transfer, enables geo-tagging, and allows convenient remote camera control.

Setup / Gears

  • 128GB SanDisk Extreme microSDXC Class 10 UHS-I U3 V30 A2 (on adapter).
  • SmallRig Cage 2938 for Sony ZV-1
  • Ulanzi VIJIM VL 30 5600K CRI95+ (340 lux at 0.5m) 750 mAh.
  • Ulanzi VL 100C 2,500-6,500K CRI95+ (2500 lux at 30 cm / 800 lux at 50 cm / 200 lux at 1 m) 2,000 mAh.
  • JJC camera case pouch. It fits the camera well even when the wind muff was on.
  • 4 units of Batmax NP-BX1 and a portable USB charger.

I bought a Ulanzi ultra-slim mount lens adapter ring (52mm) with the intention of getiing the Ulanzi wide-angle lens, specifically the ULANZI WL-1 Additional 2-in-1 Lens which was designed for the Sony ZV-1, featuring an 18mm wide-angle and 10X macro capability. However, upon further consideration, I concluded that an additional lens was not essential for my needs. Instead, I’ve decided to opt for K&F filters. Despite this, my conscience is urging me to reconsider. The mounting of the adapter may compromise the aesthetic appeal of the camera, particularly when the filters are infrequently utilised.

Depth of Field

When reading about photography, most of the articles are focused on either gears or the “exposure triangle” to get clear and sharp photos. Plenty talks about “razor-sharp” images or “scene compression”. Many spoke about wide-aperture for a creamy background (bokeh). So, I’ve dreaded my lens and thought there was something wrong because my photos were out-of-focus.

I upgraded to a 50mm lens with settings for ISO 100, f/2.8 and 1/125 sec. The portrait came out unsatisfactory. Either it was sharp around the eyes (or just one eye), nose, ear, forehead – seldom do I get good sharpness for the whole face.

The image on left was taken at f/2.80 and it misfocused on the ear and blurry around the eyes. The image on the right was taken at f/3.50 and focussed on the eye and the ear almost quite clear, showing the facial features quite clearly.

I have been following the exposure triangle: setting the ISO, aperture and shutter speed. But something was still missing. So, I go back to my root and put on the mathematician hat. There is definitely a missing equation (or less talked about).

Depth-of-field. This is another factor that affects the sharpness around the focus area. It varies based on the distance between the face and the camera. To put it simply, in my understanding, depth-of-field is a buffer area on the focus object perpendicular to the lens. Toggling the aperture changes (compressing or widening) the depth of the buffer area. For a given aperture, the depth-of-field is also different based on the distance of the object to the lens.

If the aperture is fixed, putting the object farther away makes the depth-of-field wider.

Two examples of the effect of “depth-of-field” and the distance between the object and the camera. Assuming the aperture is fixed, and the focus is on the eye. On top, the buffer region between A and B is where the objects are going to look sharp perpendicular to the lens. Keeping the aperture similar and moving the object farther away from the camera, the buffer region, C and D expanded. The distance from A-to-B or C-to-D is directly related to the aperture size and the distance between the object and the camera. Narrower the aperture, the wider the region is. (Note: The buffer regions are not exactly scaled).

Using this understanding, I revisit the technique used to collect facial images for my experiment. The settings of the parameters are laid out below.

Parameters

ISO: 100
Speed: 1/125 sec.
Light source: Flash + bouncer
Distance: 1.5 meters
Focus: Wide (AF-C) + Eye AF
Camera: Sony A7R iii on a tripod
Lens: Sony FE 50mm F1.8

Using a DOF calculator, if I want the subject’s face to be overall sharp, the aperture has to be f/4.0 or narrower.

DOF Calculator downloaded from Google Play. For the selected settings, the buffer for depth-of-field around the focus area is 20.98cm (9 cm to the front and 11 on the back from the focus spot).

The distance was quite close because my study room on the campus is quite limited in terms of space.

Result

The overall facial features are clearly sharp from the top-point of the nose and back to the ear at f/6.30

Take-away

  • ISO-Aperture-speed is not the only factor for sharpness.
  • Knowing the distance between the object and the camera is also important as it affect the depth of field around the focus region on the object.
  • If the object has a depth perpendicular to the lens and is relatively close to the camera, use a narrow aperture so that the front and the back of the object is in focus.
I found a good explanation on depth-of-field by Kellan Reck.

Sony FE 24-70mm F2.8 GM

It pulls the duty for being sharp but the weight and size are bulky for a daily walk-around

This lens (SEL2470GM) is a Premium G Master Series Mid-range telephoto prime wide-angle to a short telephoto lens with a constant f/2.8 maximum aperture. It is claimed to have Sony Nano AR Coating to eliminate flare and ghosting.

It was acquired primarily to help with data collection for my experiments. Especially when it comes to seeing the movement of facial muscles. It works well with ɑ7R III as this camera captures at 42.4 megapixels, allowing zooming and cropping. The settings for data collection are set as a “distance between the camera and a volunteer is 1.5 meters, 1/80 – 1/125 sec, f/5.60 at 50mm”.

A nice clear and sharp portrait, with a flash, fired from on top of the camera.
49mm ISO 100 f/3.50 1/80 sec.

I think it is a great general-purpose travelling lens as covered by the focal length range. But because of travel restrictions, it will be some time before I can take this lens for my next holiday trip.

It also works well for videography! Due to the weight, I could not use the word excellent. I used Røde VideoMicro when recording and there was no noticeable noise from the lens’ focus adjustment.

It produces a barrel distortion on wide (24mm) and pin-cushion as it gets tele (70mm). It is said 1Sony FE 24-70mm F2.8 GM Lens Review to have the lowest distortion focal length at around 28-30mm. Of course, these can be corrected in Lightroom very easily.

Forest photography at Hareskov-Værløse (on mini-tripod and remote clicker).
24mm ISO 100 f/9.0 1/13 sec.

I took this lens for forest photography, once. The focal range is good, but the size and weight are not very flexible, especially if you are mounting on a mini-tripod. Cityscape and street photography can benefit from the medium-range focal length but for these genres, I, however, prefer my 28mm prime.

Aperture range: f/2.8 to f/22
The angle of view: 84º (24mm) to 34º (70mm)
Minimum focus distance: 38 cm
Maximum magnification ratio: 1:4.2 (0.24×)
Filter size: 82 mm
Dimensions (⌀ × L): 87.6 × 136 mm
Weight: 886 g

Sony FE 28mm F2

Lightweight, compact and my best companion for the majority of the time

This 28mm (SEL28F20) is my second prime lens, which I use 99% of the time when going out. The price was in the lower range as the target market is entry-level photographers. The cheapest market price in 2021 is DKK2,550 (around ?340).

This lens is attached to my Sony A7Riii and has been the go-to lens for most of my photos. Sometimes, it is the sole lens that I took with me when I can’t pack a lot of gear.

I like this lens because it is lightweight and compact, hence the system works well on my hands and with my shooting style. It also locks focus rather quick. The wide aperture is helpful, especially in low light conditions and handled handheld. I like the wide-angle view as I can fit more scenes without the need to move too far back.

The Hermitage Hunting Lodge, Klampenborg.
ISO 100 f/3.50 1/640 sec.

It works really well with my landscape, architecture, cityscape and street photography with its wide perspective. It also works well for full-body portraits. I do actually feel a bit pleased with the portrait produced by this lens even for ? headshot. But for ? headshot seems awkward as I have to be quite close to the person. And yes, the face distortion is there when taking a close-up portrait!

Cityscape photography at Copenhagen Central Station.
ISO 1000 f/2.8 1/100 sec.

This lens is discreet and does not really attract attention when used in the public. Because of its wide-angle and close focus distance, I also use this for food photography.

Cantaloupe shrimp cocktail.
ISO 200 f/4.0 1/160 sec.

My sweet spot is between f/2.8 and f/5.6 depending on the situation. For food, I prefer f/4.0 and street photography at f/2.8 but sometimes I do go wide between f/2.0 to f/2.2. Somehow for landscape, I prefer something from f/3.50 and narrower.

However, it has a strong barrel distortion which of course can be corrected in Lightroom.

Aperture range: f/2 to f/22
The angle of view: 75?
Minimum focus distance: 29 cm (AF) / 25cm (MF)
Maximum magnification ratio: 1:7.7 (0.13?) (AF) / 1:6.25 (0.16?) MF
Filter size: 49 mm
Dimensions (? ? L): 64 ? 60 mm
Weight: 200 g